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Philip Benfey studied the development of plant roots and root system architecture as a model system for understanding the regulation of developmental patterns of cell types more generally. Using genetic and genomic approaches, Benfey’s team deciphered how stem cell populations generate various cell types and how they integrate on a molecular level to create a functioning organ. Benfey aimed to identify the genes that control root system architecture, which could lead to enhanced root traits – for example, increased drought tolerance or nutrient acquisition.