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Joshua Mendell investigates post-transcriptional gene regulation, noncoding RNA regulation and function, and the roles of these pathways in normal physiology, cancer, and other diseases. Using cellular and animal models, Mendell and his team focus on understanding the regulation and function of diverse classes of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. They also employ high-throughput screening approaches to interrogate diverse problems in RNA and cancer biology, such as identifying new noncoding RNAs with important roles in physiology and disease, and the mechanistic dissection of post-transcriptional regulatory pathways.

Scientists have discovered that tRNAs can determine how long mRNAs exist in a cell, causing some messages to be stabilized and translated into more protein, while directing others to be degraded and limiting how much protein can be made.