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Twenty highly conserved proteins form an apparatus which spans the inner and outer membrane of the bacteria as well as that of the human host cell. Bacterial virulence proteins (purple spheres) are selectively secreted through the bacterial syringe into the host cell, where they manipulate host cell functions essential for subsequent pathogenicity. EscJ is the inner membrane ring which forms the platform upon which all other Type III secretion components assemble.
Image: Natalie Strynadka
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