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The Genes We Share

A Robot that Tracks ALL the Genes in a Cell Reveals Key Patterns
Discovering How Patterns of Gene Activity Change Over Time
Yeast Researchers Get a Head Start
The DNA Microarrayer
It's Cool to Make a Microarrayer
Day One: Chaos and Glitches
Day Two: Up and Running
Day Three: Using the Robots
The Sexual Development of Yeast
A More Precise View of Breast Cancer
Spreading the Benefits
The "Awesome Power" of Yeast
Cancer: Clues From Yeast's Cell-Division Cycle

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It's Cool to Make a Microarrayer:
Day Two: Up and Running
 

Sudha Veeraraghavan carefully places a glass slide on the arrayer platform in preparation for her group's first print run.

The printhead—an array of 16 sharp-tipped steel pins that act like fountain pens—makes contact with a glass slide and prints 16 tiny spots of DNA solution, each one representing a different yeast genome.

6,400 different genes are printed on this slide. A pattern of 16 squares, each composed of 400 tiny spots, is visible because of slat residue from the evaporation of the printed DNA solutions.

Pat Brown and Arul Chinnaiyan of the University of Michigan check out a slide from a test print run. So far, so good....

Photos: Kay Chernush


 
 

"I'm not an engineer. I'm a geneticist," commented Donald Love of the University of Auckland, New Zealand, over breakfast the next morning. "I thought it would take at least a week to assemble the microarrayer. But we got it set up the very first day!"

The second day was even better, as the scientists began to install the microscope slides and to assemble the printing robots, each with 16 vertical, sharp-tipped pins that would deliver DNA "spots" to precise locations on the slides. After lightly touching each slide, the 16 pins would be dunked into a cleaning solution and dried before picking up fresh loads of DNA that represented other genes. Then the robot would maneuver the pins to a slightly different position over the glass slides and, acting like the tips of fountain pens, the pins would deposit extremely small, measured volumes of the new DNA onto new spots. "This is done over and over again, with very slight differences in the position of all 16 pins. That's how you create a high-density array," explained one of the participants as if he were an old hand at it.

Everything was ready at one of the lab tables. A scientist flipped a switch, and suddenly the pins started going up and down together, making a regular "choo-choo-choo" sound like a toy train engine. "It's happened!" cried out one of the group excitedly. "That's great," said DeRisi. "Once you get to the point where you're aligned and printing, you're in steady state. It just keeps running."

— Maya Pines


< Day One  |  Top of page  |  Day Three >

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
         
Unity of Life Mice Worms Flies Yeast An Introduction The Genes We Share
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