From the 2008 Holiday Lectures—Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory

Clive Wearing: A man without memory

Clive Wearing has lost his ability to remember and lives in a perpetual state of having just awoken. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 15 seconds
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Demo: Phrenology

Dr. Kandel illustrates the practice of the now-debunked theory of phrenology. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 4 seconds
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A patient with conduction aphasia

A patient can both comprehend and articulate language, but cannot verbalize what is a clear idea in her mind. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 9 seconds
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Clive Wearing plays piano despite memory deficit

Even though Clive Wearing cannot remember people or events, his piano-playing skills are intact. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 6 seconds
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Demo: SHH concentration and eye position

A reduction in the level of sonic hedgehog (SHH) gene expression can lead to cyclopia. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 22 seconds
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Demo: The electrical activity of Dr. Jessell's arm

A live recording of muscle activity from Dr. Jessell's biceps and triceps muscles. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

2 minutes 15 seconds
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Growth cones in action

The growth cones of two neurons sense and interact with one another. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

34 seconds
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Long-distance neuronal path-finding

Retinal axons travel across the brain, reading navigation cues, to find appropriate targets. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

31 seconds
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Contact repulsion of a growth cone

A growth cone contacts a repellant molecule on another axon, collapses, and withdraws. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 5 seconds
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Computer analysis of human movement

Dr. Jessell's leg muscle activation patterns are recorded during walking. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

56 seconds
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Demo: Testing a student's proprioceptive reflex

A knee-jerk reflex depends on a simple circuit of proprioceptive sensory neurons and spinal motor neurons. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 21 seconds
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Demo: Proprioception makes raising a mug easy

The average person has no difficulty raising a coffee mug. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

52 seconds
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Without proprioception, raising a mug is difficult

A person with a disease that kills proprioceptive neurons has severe problems with the simplest of movements. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 36 seconds
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Behavior of mice that lack proprioception

Genetically engineered mice lacking proprioceptive sensory axons are not capable of well-coordinated walking. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

25 seconds
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Walking versus hopping

In a giraffe's walk, left and right limbs move alternately, while in a kangaroo's hop, opposing limbs move together. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 12 seconds
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Dr. Jessell's muscle activity when he hops or walks

Electrical activity recorded from the leg muscles reveals different patterns of activation during different gaits. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

45 seconds
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Mutant mice with crossed excitation hop

Kangaroo-like hopping when spinal cord excitatory interneurons cross the midline to stimulate both sides. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 18 seconds
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Ian Waterman: Compensating for proprioceptive loss

In the absence of proprioceptive feedback, some individuals can compensate by using visual feedback. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 41 seconds
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Demo: Touching thumb to fingers with proprioception

Proprioceptive feedback makes it easy to touch one's thumb to one's fingers without looking. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

57 seconds
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Waterman touching thumb to fingers without feedback

In the absence of proprioception and visual feedback, it is impossible to touch thumb to fingers accurately. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 15 seconds
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Demo: Using spatial memory to clear an obstacle

Even without visual feedback, we are able to negotiate an obstacle using spatial memory. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

2 minutes 9 seconds
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Cat remembers obstacle location for many minutes

Even when distracted by food, the cat's brain encodes and retains the location of an obstacle. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 39 seconds
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Demo: Meet a live Aplysia californica

Aplysia californica is a marine snail with a simple nervous system suitable for research on learning and memory. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 40 seconds
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Aplysia's gill-withdrawal reflex and sensitization

A touch to the Aplysia's siphon causes a gill withdrawal, a simple reflex for studying memory. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

1 minute 25 seconds
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Mice navigate a Barnes maze to test spatial learning

Mice can be trained to use spatial cues to navigate a maze that tests their ability to remember specific locations. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

2 minutes 14 seconds
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Visualizing learning

Dr. Harshad Vishwasrao guides you through a collection of images showing neuronal growth and synaptic formation representative of anatomical changes that occur during learning. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

5 minutes 39 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Thomas Jessell

An interview with Dr. Jessell. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

6 minutes 12 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Eric Kandel

An interview with Dr. Kandel. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

6 minutes 20 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Adam Hantman

An interview with Dr. Adam Hantman, a post-doctoral student in Thomas Jessell's lab. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 25 seconds
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Interview with Tessa Hirschfeld-Stoler

An interview with Tessa Hirschfeld-Stoler, a lab technician in Eric Kandel's lab. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 23 seconds
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Interview with Priya Rajasethupathy

An interview with Priya Rajasethupathy, an M.D./Ph.D. student in Eric Kandel's lab. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 44 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Laskaro Zagoraiou

An interview with Dr. Laskaro Zagoraiou, a post-doctoral student in Thomas Jessell's lab. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Making Your Mind: Molecules, Motion, and Memory, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 31 seconds
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From the 2003 Holiday Lectures—Learning From Patients: The Science of Medicine

Learning from Mice: The Science of Transgenic Technology

What do humans, flies, and worms have in common? More than you might think. See how transgenic organisms are engineered, and how they enable researchers to study genetic diseases. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

11 minutes 7 seconds
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Spinocerebellar Ataxia Case Study

Dr. Huda Zoghbi interviews Milan Cloud, a patient who has inherited the neurological disorder spinocerebellar ataxia 1, or SCA1. Also featured on the HHMI DVD, Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVDs here.

3 minutes 29 seconds
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Rett Syndrome

Dr. Zoghbi introduces the topic of Rett syndrome by showing how development usually progresses in a young girl. She then shows an excerpt from Silent Angels, introduced by Julia Roberts, which shows how Rett syndrome affects development. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

2 minutes 51 seconds
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Rett Syndrome Mouse

Dr. Zoghbi shows how a mouse that has been given the gene responsible for Rett syndrome exhibits some of the same neurological symptoms as human Rett patients. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

1 minute 13 seconds
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SCA1 Mouse on Rotarod

Dr. Zoghbi demonstrates how mice that have been given the gene responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) are tested on a device called a rotarod to quantify the amount of ataxia present. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

34 seconds
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Interview with Dr. Huda Zoghbi

An interview with Dr. Zoghbi. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

5 minutes 51 seconds
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Interview with Jennifer Gatchel

An interview with Jennifer Gatchel, a scientist in Dr. Zoghbi's lab. Also featured on the DVD Learning from Patients: The Science of Medicine, available free from HHMI. Order DVD here.

4 minutes 50 seconds
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